Java Multithreading: Concurrency and Parallelism are essential concepts in modern software development, particularly in Java, a language known for its robust support for concurrent programming. In this article, we'll explore the fundamentals of multithreading in Java, focusing on concurrency and parallelism. 1. Concurrency vs. Parallelism: - Concurrency: Concurrency is the ability of a program to execute multiple tasks simultaneously, seemingly overlapping in time. In Java, concurrency is achieved through threads. Threads allow different parts of a program to execute independently. - Parallelism: Parallelism, on the other hand, involves executing multiple tasks simultaneously, utilizing multiple CPU cores to speed up the computation. While concurrency deals with managing tasks, parallelism focuses on executing tasks concurrently on multiple processors. 2. Threads in Java: - In Java, threads are represented by instances of the `Thread` class or by implementing the